Tidal range developments:
Considerations for the marine historic environment
Client: Cooper Marine Advisors for Historic England
Fjordr is working with Cooper Marine Advisors to help Historic England develop a more informed view of issues relating to an anticipated strategic programme of tidal lagoon development which may have implications across English waters.
The UK Government is expected to offer a response soon to the Hendry Review of tidal lagoons. The author of the review, Charles Hendry, was supportive of the strategic case for a tidal lagoon programme to deliver a cost-effective part of the UK’s energy mix. If this case is accepted by UK Government, then the likelihood is the spawning of a new industry, led by the pathfinder Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon scheme.
Whilst the full extent of any programme is unknown, the potential sites for deployment of tidal lagoons (as well as barrages) are already fairly well-established and described across a number of recent reports. The majority of sites considered suitable for a tidal lagoon fall within the Severn Estuary / Bristol Channel and the Irish Sea by virtue of areas with highest tidal range. On this basis, such schemes are likely to directly influence the marine environment on the south west and north west coasts of England, primarily, and potentially over extensive areas through far-field effects on the tide, affecting more remote designated intertidal areas. An extensive programme of tidal lagoon development is also likely to require an equally extensive programme of habitat compensation sites. Necessarily, these sites – which will also have implications for heritage assets – may need to be located well away from the effects of tidal lagoons, potentially in estuaries on the east coast of England.
The project will better equip Historic England to engage with project developers and with relevant Government departments and their agencies to ensure that the interests of the marine historic environment are addressed appropriately.
Fjordr is working with Cooper Marine Advisors to help Historic England develop a more informed view of issues relating to an anticipated strategic programme of tidal lagoon development which may have implications across English waters.
The UK Government is expected to offer a response soon to the Hendry Review of tidal lagoons. The author of the review, Charles Hendry, was supportive of the strategic case for a tidal lagoon programme to deliver a cost-effective part of the UK’s energy mix. If this case is accepted by UK Government, then the likelihood is the spawning of a new industry, led by the pathfinder Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon scheme.
Whilst the full extent of any programme is unknown, the potential sites for deployment of tidal lagoons (as well as barrages) are already fairly well-established and described across a number of recent reports. The majority of sites considered suitable for a tidal lagoon fall within the Severn Estuary / Bristol Channel and the Irish Sea by virtue of areas with highest tidal range. On this basis, such schemes are likely to directly influence the marine environment on the south west and north west coasts of England, primarily, and potentially over extensive areas through far-field effects on the tide, affecting more remote designated intertidal areas. An extensive programme of tidal lagoon development is also likely to require an equally extensive programme of habitat compensation sites. Necessarily, these sites – which will also have implications for heritage assets – may need to be located well away from the effects of tidal lagoons, potentially in estuaries on the east coast of England.
The project will better equip Historic England to engage with project developers and with relevant Government departments and their agencies to ensure that the interests of the marine historic environment are addressed appropriately.
Dover Sector 1914-18 and 1939-45
Client: Historic England
The Dover Sector project is using a ‘landscape’ approach to address the marine historic environment of south east England in the First and Second World War. For the purposes of this project the Dover Sector includes the coast of Kent from North Foreland to Dungeness. The project concentrates on heritage assets that lie within English waters, but part of their significance arises from the way in which the Dover Sector as a whole operated in each war. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the whole marine area stretching over to the Continent, so the project encompasses the Southern North Sea and the English Channel over to the coasts of the Netherlands, Belgium and France between Westkapelle in the north and Le Touquet in the south.
Other than the military defence of the English coast, which has received attention in previous projects, the current work includes all the different forms of military activity that took place in the Dover Sector. This includes military offensives, cross-channel transport, and the passage of shipping up and down the Channel. Although focussed on the marine area, the project takes in the integrated conduct of war on land, in the air and in the airwaves as well on the surface of and below the sea.
The project is seeking to raise public awareness of the critical role of the Dover Sector in the conduct of both world wars and to highlight the significance and survival of heritage assets there. The Dover Sector project is locating additional sources of information that can be used to enhance records and to better understand the context of individual assets. The project is also in touch with a wide range of organisations locally, regionally and nationally. The results of the project will be made widely known through a project report, other published material, and activities such as presentations and a workshop. Online content is being flagged with the hashtag #DoverSector.
The Dover Sector project is using a ‘landscape’ approach to address the marine historic environment of south east England in the First and Second World War. For the purposes of this project the Dover Sector includes the coast of Kent from North Foreland to Dungeness. The project concentrates on heritage assets that lie within English waters, but part of their significance arises from the way in which the Dover Sector as a whole operated in each war. Consequently, it is necessary to consider the whole marine area stretching over to the Continent, so the project encompasses the Southern North Sea and the English Channel over to the coasts of the Netherlands, Belgium and France between Westkapelle in the north and Le Touquet in the south.
Other than the military defence of the English coast, which has received attention in previous projects, the current work includes all the different forms of military activity that took place in the Dover Sector. This includes military offensives, cross-channel transport, and the passage of shipping up and down the Channel. Although focussed on the marine area, the project takes in the integrated conduct of war on land, in the air and in the airwaves as well on the surface of and below the sea.
The project is seeking to raise public awareness of the critical role of the Dover Sector in the conduct of both world wars and to highlight the significance and survival of heritage assets there. The Dover Sector project is locating additional sources of information that can be used to enhance records and to better understand the context of individual assets. The project is also in touch with a wide range of organisations locally, regionally and nationally. The results of the project will be made widely known through a project report, other published material, and activities such as presentations and a workshop. Online content is being flagged with the hashtag #DoverSector.
Historic Environment Projects and Activities within Marine Conservation Zones
Client: Marine Planning Consultants (MPC) for Historic England
Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) protect a range of nationally important marine wildlife, habitats, geology and geomorphology, and can be designated anywhere in English and Welsh territorial and UK offshore waters. As of January 2017 there are 50 MCZ’s currently designated with more planned in the near future (tranche 3) sites. Marine Planning Consultants (MPC) and Fjordr Ltd are working together to provide Historic England with a better understanding of how the management of MCZs could affect historic environment activities or projects, and to help identify the actions Historic England needs to take to ensure that the activities it supports are compatible with MCZ conservation objectives.
The work will contribute to Historic England's regulatory interaction with the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) and to marine licence consultations. Overall the project will support Historic England in fulfilling its duties under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. The project will include a stakeholder consultation seminar that will take place in London.
Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs) protect a range of nationally important marine wildlife, habitats, geology and geomorphology, and can be designated anywhere in English and Welsh territorial and UK offshore waters. As of January 2017 there are 50 MCZ’s currently designated with more planned in the near future (tranche 3) sites. Marine Planning Consultants (MPC) and Fjordr Ltd are working together to provide Historic England with a better understanding of how the management of MCZs could affect historic environment activities or projects, and to help identify the actions Historic England needs to take to ensure that the activities it supports are compatible with MCZ conservation objectives.
The work will contribute to Historic England's regulatory interaction with the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) and to marine licence consultations. Overall the project will support Historic England in fulfilling its duties under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. The project will include a stakeholder consultation seminar that will take place in London.
Understanding Fishermen's Fasteners
Client: Sussex IFCA for Historic England
Fishermen’s fasteners are features that cause fishing gear to snag on the seabed. They may be natural features such as rock outcrops or items of recent material lost overboard. However, in many instances, fishermen’s fasteners have proved to be of considerable archaeological significance, including the remains of historic wrecks that have subsequently been designated and investigated.
As fishermen’s fasteners have the potential to reveal the presence of significant archaeological material, a precautionary approach was adopted in the early phases of developing the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) maintained by Historic England (HE). Existing records of fishermen’s fasteners on charts were incorporated wholesale into the NRHE. However, the implications of these records in the NRHE are ambiguous, both in terms of the actual presence of archaeological material on the seabed and its significance.
This project is intended to establish a better understanding of fishermen’s fasteners, to develop methods that can be used by the fishing sector to examine fasteners, and to facilitate the recording of legacy information about fasteners held in the fishing community.
The project is being led by Sussex IFCA as the relevant Managing Authority for the exploitation of sea fisheries and protection of the marine environment. Sussex IFCA’s implementation and management of the project is being assisted by Fjordr Limited.
This project has been framed as a pilot, based on the Sussex coast, that it is hoped will pave the way for further investigation of fasteners by the people who encounter them.
Fishermen’s fasteners are features that cause fishing gear to snag on the seabed. They may be natural features such as rock outcrops or items of recent material lost overboard. However, in many instances, fishermen’s fasteners have proved to be of considerable archaeological significance, including the remains of historic wrecks that have subsequently been designated and investigated.
As fishermen’s fasteners have the potential to reveal the presence of significant archaeological material, a precautionary approach was adopted in the early phases of developing the National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) maintained by Historic England (HE). Existing records of fishermen’s fasteners on charts were incorporated wholesale into the NRHE. However, the implications of these records in the NRHE are ambiguous, both in terms of the actual presence of archaeological material on the seabed and its significance.
This project is intended to establish a better understanding of fishermen’s fasteners, to develop methods that can be used by the fishing sector to examine fasteners, and to facilitate the recording of legacy information about fasteners held in the fishing community.
The project is being led by Sussex IFCA as the relevant Managing Authority for the exploitation of sea fisheries and protection of the marine environment. Sussex IFCA’s implementation and management of the project is being assisted by Fjordr Limited.
This project has been framed as a pilot, based on the Sussex coast, that it is hoped will pave the way for further investigation of fasteners by the people who encounter them.
HMS Falmouth
Client: Historic England
HMS Falmouth is the only wreck in English inshore waters of a ship that participated in the Battle of Jutland, 1916. A few months later, in August 1916, HMS Falmouth was sunk by U-boats in another decisive action, resulting in the deaths of 11 crew, having also taken part in other actions and activities in the early part of the First World War.
Town class light cruisers such as HMS Falmouth played an extensive and critical role in the war at sea throughout the 1914-1918 period, but they were largely scrapped in the 1920s. As well as having its own particular story, the wreck of HMS Falmouth is the only surviving and accessible example of this important type of vessel.
This project will examine how the heritage cycle of understanding, valuing, caring and enjoying can be applied to generate benefits from the marine historic environment whilst safeguarding a significant wreck. The relative accessibility of HMS Falmouth – a few miles offshore in shallow water, in an area favoured for diving, sea angling and other forms of coastal recreation and tourism – creates a particular set of opportunities: the wreck is known but its significance is not wholly recognised; it is a rare survivor whose condition and future are currently uncertain; it may already be making a social, economic and environmental contribution locally and has great potential to be enhanced. The wreck of HMS Falmouth could also be an important focus for commemorations in 2016 on the centenary of the Battle of Jutland and the later loss of HMS Falmouth itself.
This project will explore all these facets of the wreck of HMS Falmouth: a key heritage asset of the First World War at sea.
HMS Falmouth is the only wreck in English inshore waters of a ship that participated in the Battle of Jutland, 1916. A few months later, in August 1916, HMS Falmouth was sunk by U-boats in another decisive action, resulting in the deaths of 11 crew, having also taken part in other actions and activities in the early part of the First World War.
Town class light cruisers such as HMS Falmouth played an extensive and critical role in the war at sea throughout the 1914-1918 period, but they were largely scrapped in the 1920s. As well as having its own particular story, the wreck of HMS Falmouth is the only surviving and accessible example of this important type of vessel.
This project will examine how the heritage cycle of understanding, valuing, caring and enjoying can be applied to generate benefits from the marine historic environment whilst safeguarding a significant wreck. The relative accessibility of HMS Falmouth – a few miles offshore in shallow water, in an area favoured for diving, sea angling and other forms of coastal recreation and tourism – creates a particular set of opportunities: the wreck is known but its significance is not wholly recognised; it is a rare survivor whose condition and future are currently uncertain; it may already be making a social, economic and environmental contribution locally and has great potential to be enhanced. The wreck of HMS Falmouth could also be an important focus for commemorations in 2016 on the centenary of the Battle of Jutland and the later loss of HMS Falmouth itself.
This project will explore all these facets of the wreck of HMS Falmouth: a key heritage asset of the First World War at sea.
The Value of the Marine Historic Environment: issues and opportunities
Client: Historic England
This is an initial project to identify the issues and opportunities arising in respect of the social and economic value of the marine historic environment in England. The project builds upon recent work on the social and economic benefits of marine and maritime cultural heritage carried out for the BA/HFF Steering Committee on Underwater Cultural Heritage and is informed by the approach adopted by Heritage Counts.
The project seeks to understand, demonstrate, advocate and enhance the role of the marine historic environment as a source of value economically and socially, taking into account parallel work being carried out in arts and culture, cultural heritage on land, and the marine environment.
The project will result in a report made available via Historic England’s website and a note in a peer-reviewed journal.
This is an initial project to identify the issues and opportunities arising in respect of the social and economic value of the marine historic environment in England. The project builds upon recent work on the social and economic benefits of marine and maritime cultural heritage carried out for the BA/HFF Steering Committee on Underwater Cultural Heritage and is informed by the approach adopted by Heritage Counts.
The project seeks to understand, demonstrate, advocate and enhance the role of the marine historic environment as a source of value economically and socially, taking into account parallel work being carried out in arts and culture, cultural heritage on land, and the marine environment.
The project will result in a report made available via Historic England’s website and a note in a peer-reviewed journal.
National Importance of Cargo Vessels - Tees Pilot
Client: Historic England
The wrecks of cargo vessels from the period after 1840 are by far the most frequently encountered marine heritage asset in the seas around England, as reflected in the National Record of the Historic Environment. This project is intended to help understand and assess the significance of such numerous assets, to identify those that might be regarded as being particularly important.
The project will seek to develop a mechanism for identifying important cargo vessel wrecks in order to inform their management in a manner appropriate and proportionate to their significance, as required by the UK Marine Policy Statement and other frameworks.
The mechanism for examining the importance of cargo vessel wrecks will be developed through a pilot study off the Tees, from Blackhall Rocks to Staithes, reflecting the overall importance of merchant shipping to the historic environment of the region.
The project is being carried out as a collaboration between Fjordr Limited and Tees Archaeology on behalf of Historic England.
A report on the project will be made available on this website in due course.
The wrecks of cargo vessels from the period after 1840 are by far the most frequently encountered marine heritage asset in the seas around England, as reflected in the National Record of the Historic Environment. This project is intended to help understand and assess the significance of such numerous assets, to identify those that might be regarded as being particularly important.
The project will seek to develop a mechanism for identifying important cargo vessel wrecks in order to inform their management in a manner appropriate and proportionate to their significance, as required by the UK Marine Policy Statement and other frameworks.
The mechanism for examining the importance of cargo vessel wrecks will be developed through a pilot study off the Tees, from Blackhall Rocks to Staithes, reflecting the overall importance of merchant shipping to the historic environment of the region.
The project is being carried out as a collaboration between Fjordr Limited and Tees Archaeology on behalf of Historic England.
A report on the project will be made available on this website in due course.
East Coast War Channels
Client: Historic England
The East Coast War Channels are the routes up and down the east coast of Britain that were swept of mines in the First and Second World War to protect merchant shipping. These channels became a focus for attacks, so they are marked today by the continued presence of hundreds of wreck sites. This project started by looking at the losses associated with the East Coast War Channels and the infrastructure associated with them. Although they were a key theatre of conflict in the Twentieth Century, the East Coast War Channels are little remembered today.
The initial project looked at the East Coast War Channels in both the First and Second World War. The project report is available on the downloads page.
A further project is currently underway, concentrating on the East Coast War Channels in 1914-1918, with the combined objectives of raising public awareness and encouraging people to re-connect the wrecks and other sites with many different sources of information. Fjordr is working with several national and local initiatives to better understand and appreciate the role of the East Coast War Channels in the First World War.
There is a longer introduction to the East Coast War Channels here, with links to other resources.
The East Coast War Channels are the routes up and down the east coast of Britain that were swept of mines in the First and Second World War to protect merchant shipping. These channels became a focus for attacks, so they are marked today by the continued presence of hundreds of wreck sites. This project started by looking at the losses associated with the East Coast War Channels and the infrastructure associated with them. Although they were a key theatre of conflict in the Twentieth Century, the East Coast War Channels are little remembered today.
The initial project looked at the East Coast War Channels in both the First and Second World War. The project report is available on the downloads page.
A further project is currently underway, concentrating on the East Coast War Channels in 1914-1918, with the combined objectives of raising public awareness and encouraging people to re-connect the wrecks and other sites with many different sources of information. Fjordr is working with several national and local initiatives to better understand and appreciate the role of the East Coast War Channels in the First World War.
There is a longer introduction to the East Coast War Channels here, with links to other resources.
Aggregate Dredging and the Marine Environment
Client: Wessex Archaeology in conjunction with Richard Newell Associates for The Crown Estate
Overview of the current understanding and management practice of marine archaeology in respect of marine aggregate dredging. The resulting publication is available here.
Overview of the current understanding and management practice of marine archaeology in respect of marine aggregate dredging. The resulting publication is available here.
Marine Spatial Planning and the Historic Environment
Client: English Heritage
Fjordr is examining the international, European and UK interpretation of marine planning methodology in order to generate practical guidance on how the historic environment is best addressed within marine spatial planning processes. The project also explores how marine plan policies relating to the historic environment can be applied in consenting/licensing decisions, including for major schemes.
The project is based on a synthesis of law and policy relating to the historic environment within marine spatial planning in different domains from domestic to international. The project also addresses how the marine historic environment relates to ecosystem-based management, ecosystem goods and services (as ‘cultural services’) and socio-economic assessment.
A key feature of the project is a seminar organised by Fjordr with participants from partners around the UK and from the Continent. The main deliverable is a Project Report which is available on our downloads page.
Fjordr is examining the international, European and UK interpretation of marine planning methodology in order to generate practical guidance on how the historic environment is best addressed within marine spatial planning processes. The project also explores how marine plan policies relating to the historic environment can be applied in consenting/licensing decisions, including for major schemes.
The project is based on a synthesis of law and policy relating to the historic environment within marine spatial planning in different domains from domestic to international. The project also addresses how the marine historic environment relates to ecosystem-based management, ecosystem goods and services (as ‘cultural services’) and socio-economic assessment.
A key feature of the project is a seminar organised by Fjordr with participants from partners around the UK and from the Continent. The main deliverable is a Project Report which is available on our downloads page.
Wave and Tidal Guidance Project
Clients: English Heritage, Historic Scotland and Cadw
Fjordr has been commissioned to develop widely-applicable, practical guidance to inform key stakeholders in the Wave and Tidal sector, incorporating substantive stakeholder engagement and consultation. Energy from waves, tidal streams and tidal range is becoming an increasingly significant focus for marine development. Although still at an early stage relative to offshore wind, important steps are taking place towards commercial deployment around the UK. These developments and initiatives are likely to result in impacts on the historic environment on land as well as at sea.
The Wave and Tidal Guidance Project is reviewing wave and tidal energy in terms of overall trajectory, current and future technologies, and likely geographical areas of development. It will summarise the anticipated and demonstrated impacts of wave and tidal energy, the historic environment issues that are raised by wave and tidal energy, and the possible significance of effects of wave and tidal energy on the historic environment. The project will identify options and best practice for dealing with wave and tidal energy in terms of overall programmes and initiatives as well as individual schemes.
The final guidance document, Historic Environment Guidance for Wave and Tidal Energy (November 2013), can be found on our downloads page.
Fjordr has been commissioned to develop widely-applicable, practical guidance to inform key stakeholders in the Wave and Tidal sector, incorporating substantive stakeholder engagement and consultation. Energy from waves, tidal streams and tidal range is becoming an increasingly significant focus for marine development. Although still at an early stage relative to offshore wind, important steps are taking place towards commercial deployment around the UK. These developments and initiatives are likely to result in impacts on the historic environment on land as well as at sea.
The Wave and Tidal Guidance Project is reviewing wave and tidal energy in terms of overall trajectory, current and future technologies, and likely geographical areas of development. It will summarise the anticipated and demonstrated impacts of wave and tidal energy, the historic environment issues that are raised by wave and tidal energy, and the possible significance of effects of wave and tidal energy on the historic environment. The project will identify options and best practice for dealing with wave and tidal energy in terms of overall programmes and initiatives as well as individual schemes.
The final guidance document, Historic Environment Guidance for Wave and Tidal Energy (November 2013), can be found on our downloads page.
Fishing Industry Protocol for Archaeological Discoveries
Client: Wessex Archaeology on behalf of English Heritage
Advice on the development and future funding of the Fishing Industry Protocol (FIPAD) currently being piloted in Sussex.
For further information see FIPAD
Advice on the development and future funding of the Fishing Industry Protocol (FIPAD) currently being piloted in Sussex.
For further information see FIPAD
Palaeo-Yare Review
Client: British Marine Aggregate Producers Association (BMAPA)
Support and advice in reviewing investigations of Palaeolithic material in the southern North Sea, and in developing appropriate forms of mitigation.
Support and advice in reviewing investigations of Palaeolithic material in the southern North Sea, and in developing appropriate forms of mitigation.
Review of 2001 UNESCO Convention
Client: UK National Commission for UNESCO
Reviewing the implications for the UK of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage.
The report resulting from the Impact Review is available on our downloads page.
Gravity Base Foundation Review
Client: MarineSpace on behalf of The Concrete Centre
Reviewing archaeological aspects of the marine environmental considerations associated with concrete foundations for offshore wind farms.
The report is available via The Concrete Centre.
Reviewing archaeological aspects of the marine environmental considerations associated with concrete foundations for offshore wind farms.
The report is available via The Concrete Centre.
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Data Protection: click here for Fjordr's Data Protection Policy.
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